ECJ decision in “Digital Rights Ireland” strikes down “data retention directive”

The European Court of Justice, in its Judgment in Joined Cases C-293/12 and C-94/12 “Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and Others”, has declared data retention directive invalid.

The directive (Directive 2006/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC), according to the judgement (yet unpublished, here you find the press release anticipated by Wired) infringes article 52 of the EU Rights Charter and cannot therefore be upheld. This decision is welcome from a citizen rights’ perspective, but it raises some doubts in terms of security, if we consider that justice-controlled data retention is (was?) one of the major tools given to communications police authority to track down not only intellectual property infringements, but much more hideous crimes such as pedo-pornography. Again, we face an issue: chasing the thieves or locking the house. This round was against chasing the thieves. Let’s hope the answer is not locking the house, so that fewer people can go outside in the brave outer world.

Fermo amministrativo del veicolo solo se proporzionato al debito

Per la CTR Liguria (febbraio 2014), l’applicazione del fermo amministrativo del veicolo in presenza di un esiguo debito fiscale costituisce misura sproporzionata e dunque è nullo per difetto di motivazione. This is left in Italian only, due to the minor interest for international readers (who probably will never have the problem…).

Del provvedimento danno notizia diversi siti di aggiornamento sui diritti del cittadino (ad esempio, infooggi.it –> qui).

Un approfondimento (4.4.2014)

La decisione, va aggiunto, non è priva di precedenti, per quanto non recentissimi. Nel 2004, infatti, i tribunali di Vibo Valentia e di Tropea, con sentenze analoghe, (ambedue 12/1/2004, avevano statuito che “È illegittimo il fermo amministrativo di un autoveicolo – disposto ai sensi dell’art. 86, comma 1, D.P.R. 29 settembre 1973, n. 602, come modificato dall’art. 1, comma 2, lett. q), D.Lgs. 27 aprile 2001, n. 193 – siccome lesivo del diritto del debitore di disporre dell’unica autovettura in suo possesso per soddisfare le proprie esigenze di vita quotidiana (pregiudizio non riparabile per equivalente, in quanto non commensurabile in denaro) oltre che diretto ad imporre al debitore un sacrificio sproporzionato rispetto all’ammontare del credito fatto valere.” (Dir. e Prat. Trib., 2005, 2, 979).  Ad oggi non risultano al riguardo pronunciamenti delle corti superiori. La Corte Costituzionale, più volte investita di questioni di legittimità proprio su questo punto, non è però stata in condizioni di esprimersi: in ben tre casi, infatti, (Corte cost., Ord., 07-11-2008, n. 364, Corte cost., Ord., 24-04-2002, n. 136, Corte cost., Ord., 23-07-2001, n. 278), in materia di fermo amministrativo di veicoli, le questioni sollevate dai giudici di merito non sono state ritenute rilevanti ai fini della decisione della controversia che pendeva dinanzi al giudice, con conseguente ordinanza di manifesta inammissibilità della questione, e conseguente rigetto. Nel caso della ordinanza 364 del 2008, questo è particolarmente seccante, perché la questione sarebbe stata molto affine al caso in discorso.

 

Italian judicial geography changes.

D.Lgs. 19 febbraio 2014, n. 14 published on 27 February 2014 enacts a deep change in Italian judicial geography, reducing dramatically the number of Courts in ordinary. The spirit of this reform is drastically simplifying in order to (surprise, surprise) reduce costs for the administration. Contrariwise, it “takes the risk” (read: it introduces the fact) of an increase of costs for the citizen in accessing justice. Less tribunals means more workload for the existing ones (that are already undersized), and more physical distance between the citizen an his judge in civil cases; this results immediately in an increase of transportation costs for all notifications and services. There is room to believe that we’re facing a new way to socialization of losses. In fact it is hard to believe that the amount in budget reduction (let’s call it “budget savings”) will be higher than the sum of the increase of costs of justice for the  general public (the “public losses”). The global result will then reasonably be “less service for same money” or even “less service for more money”, if you consider the cost for the citizen.

Italian budget cuts carve into Internet police. And this is not a good thing

The “spending review” (i.e. the action Italian Govt is leading in order to reduce unproductive expenses in National budget) is worryingly leading to a cut in the information police services. 73 out of 76 local section of the “polizia postale” are planned for shutdown. Considering that this specialized police is conceived for “ex post” police activity against cyber-crimes, the predictable effect can be a limitation “ex ante” of the rights of Internet users: less internet activity means less chances to commit crimes. So, instead of having police run after cyber-criminals and protect users, we might have less user rights in order to have to spend less in crime protection. At the end of the day, you’d need no car-theft protection in a world that abolishes the wheel. A Turkish way to Internet security, if you want… Not exactly the right approach for a forward-looking Country. Italian police Unions are raising shouts to try and avoid such poor result, but financial “advisors” seem stronger. So to say: excel spreadsheets win over web 2.0!

sources: repubblica.it; huffingtonpost.co.uk

Application of 20% withholding tax suspended because…outdated(!)

The Italian Treasury has released today a press note (Comunicato Stampa N° 46 del 19 febbraio 2014) whereby it declares the intent to suspend the application of the general withholding tax on foreign bank transfers to Italian individuals. The reason for such change of mind can be read in the note: the application of EU-USA IGA reporting standards has established an automatic multilateral information exchange flow among OECD Member States (Common Reporting Standard), leading to a safer environment for tax fraud prevention.

The Ministry further says that the measure, initially submitted to EU Commission scrutiny after its first proposal, made in 2012, (Case EU Pilot 171/11/Taxu) has now become… outdated.

It is however curious how the measure has undergone a speedy obsolescence within 48 hours! That’s what we may call an instant tax…

Italy imposes withholding tax (20%) on foreign bank transfers to individuals. EU Commission looks closely for potential TFEU infringement

New Italian tax regulation imposes withholding tax (20%) on bank transfers addressed to Italian natural persons. The withholding is performed on the assumption that the amounts transferred are “revenues” in nature, until proved otherwise. The burden of proof is on the taxpayer (who else?). A short comment is available on “il Sole 24 Ore” (—>here).

This new measure has been introduced by art. 9 of Statute (Legge) 6.08.2013 n. 97 -so called “European Community Law” (i.e. a statute that, yearly, should enact in Italy the EU law that was not enacted till then)- that modified art. 4 of D.L. n. 167 of 1990.

The new article introduces the duty of all financial intermediaries (i.e. the banks) to apply the withholding tax on all transfers that get to Italy, then the taxpayer has to prove that they are not “revenues” but “assets” in nature(!). The technical specs of this new taxation method can be found on the provvedimento 2013/151663 del direttore dell’Agenzia dell’Entrate 18.12.2013.

The European Commission is checking if this measure is such to violate article 63 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (that establishes the freedom of payments). Mrs Emer Traynor, spokesperson of Commissioner to fiscal affairs Algirdas Semeta released a declaration in this sense.

GMail “Streak” traccia l’attività del destinatario di una mail. Un commento.

E’ recentemente comparsa sugli organi di stampa (cfr. “repubblica.it” —>leggi qui) la recensione di una nuova estensione di terze parti di GMail (“Streak”) -cui, è bene specificare, Google si è dichiarata estranea-, che permette al mittente di una mail di conoscere posizione del destinatario al momento dell’apertura di un messaggio GMail e ora dell’apertura, nonchè la natura tecnica del dispositivo che ha aperto il messaggio.

Secondo le attuali normative privacy (quella italiana sicuramente, ma anche il diritto della privacy consolidato -per principi- a livello europeo) questa applicazione compie una operazione di geo-localizzazione illecita (per quanto approssimativa), viola alcuni cardini della Convenzione Europea dei Diritto dell’Uomo (art. 3 CEDU) e probabilmente viola anche le norme sul c.d. “stalking”, realizzando una persecuzione a distanza non diversa dalla videosorveglianza illecita.

La messa a disposizione di un dispositivo del genere è un esempio, secondo gli estimatori, di come la tecnologia consenta di evitare comportamenti scorretti (ma non rispondere alle mail è scorretto?); a mio avviso -e in questo senso sono in buona compagnia- è un sistema sbagliato di coazione (leggi: di violenza) sulla vita delle persone.

Se i cittadini hanno acquisito il diritto a che lo Stato non si intrufoli nella loro corrispondenza personale (che include, è bene dirlo, il diritto sacrosanto di non averne) se non a seguito di grosse verifiche della liceità sei suoi intenti (a ciò serve l’autorizzazione del magistrato alle intercettazioni…), perché un privato qualunque dovrebbe avere il diritto di intromettersi nei comportamenti postali dei…destinatari della sua corrispondenza?

A sommesso avviso di chi scrive, per questo genere di “invenzioni” non si applica la categoria della “libertà della rete”, non più, almeno, di quanto tale categoria si applichi all’invenzione di un nuovo tipo di grimaldello per entrare in case altrui…

Ovviamente, tutto ciò “absit iniuria verbis”: se qualcuno vuole contraddire, libero di farlo!

Italian Ministry of Welfare publishes survey on labour law reform 1 year after enactment

The Italian Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali has published the paper “Il primo anno di applicazione della legge 92/2012” (the first year from enactment of Statute 92/2012): a survey on the results achieved by the labour reform in this year.

Looking at the statistics, probably the most striking figure is the number of dismissals for cause (i.e. for causes attributable to the worker) vs the number of dismissals for justified reason (i.e. for objective causes). The paper shows (p. 43) that ca. 75% of dismissals are due to justified reason, making this largely the main reason for dismissal in most cases. Apparently, there is a link between this figure and the introduction, in the Italian labour law system, of the “reasons of economy” among the possible justifications for dismissal, however, the report carefully avoids this perspective.

The labour law reform law 92/2012 can be consulted here.

Ms Kroes’ telecommunication consolidation package meets everybody’s critics.

This article (Is Kroes consolidation package now a dead parrot?) hits the point: fostering consolidation, in the European markets’ environments, means basically re-introducing monopolies at national levels. In other words, turning the clock back to 1995. If, despite two decades of single European market, there is no real trend for further consolidation is that, admittedly….there is no real need for it. Probably, the European telecom market structure is presently well addressed by an articulated set of cross-border and national champions. Its “workable” competition, after all: something even Chicago Boys could subscribe to.
On the other hand, probably it would be worth re-focusing on supra-national authorization sets: there is still so much to be achieved in terms of administrative simplification in this field…

(see discussion on Linkedin started by )